Chapter One — 1.1 Background to the Study

Over the past decade, the relationship between cultism and social cohesion has become a subject of considerable debate among scholars and industry practitioners alike, particularly within the context of Enugu State where operating conditions differ markedly from more developed markets.

Enugu State presents a useful setting for examining this relationship precisely because the conditions there — structural, regulatory, and behavioural — differ from those typically assumed in the broader literature, most of which draws on evidence from more developed economies.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

While cultism is widely discussed in policy and industry circles, empirical evidence on its actual effect on social cohesion within Enugu State remains sparse and, in places, contradictory. This lack of localized, rigorous evidence makes it difficult for decision-makers to know with confidence whether current approaches to cultism are helping or hindering social cohesion — a gap this study sets out to close.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To examine the effect of Cultism on social cohesion in Enugu State.
2. To assess the extent to which cultism influences social cohesion within the study area.
3. To identify the challenges associated with cultism in relation to social cohesion.
4. To recommend strategies for optimizing cultism in order to improve social cohesion.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is the effect of cultism on social cohesion in Enugu State?
2. To what extent does cultism influence social cohesion within the study area?
3. What challenges are associated with cultism in relation to social cohesion?
4. What strategies can be adopted to optimize cultism in order to improve social cohesion?

1.5 Significance of the Study

Beyond its academic contribution to the field of sociology, this study has practical value for management teams within Enugu State seeking to understand how cultism translates into measurable outcomes around social cohesion. It is equally useful to students and future researchers looking for a localized empirical reference on this relationship.

1.6 Scope of the Study

In terms of scope, this PhD study confines itself to Enugu State, focusing specifically on how cultism relates to social cohesion within that setting. Findings are interpreted within these boundaries rather than as universal claims applicable to every organization or market.