Chapter One — 1.1 Background to the Study

In recent years, Tobacco Control Policies has emerged as a critical factor shaping under-five mortality rate across organizations operating in and around the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. As institutions grapple with the pressures of globalization, regulatory reform, and shifting stakeholder expectations, understanding how tobacco control policies relates to under-five mortality rate has become an important area of both scholarly and practical concern.

the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja presents a useful setting for examining this relationship precisely because the conditions there — structural, regulatory, and behavioural — differ from those typically assumed in the broader literature, most of which draws on evidence from more developed economies.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

While tobacco control policies is widely discussed in policy and industry circles, empirical evidence on its actual effect on under-five mortality rate within the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja remains sparse and, in places, contradictory. This lack of localized, rigorous evidence makes it difficult for decision-makers to know with confidence whether current approaches to tobacco control policies are helping or hindering under-five mortality rate — a gap this study sets out to close.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To examine the effect of Tobacco Control Policies on under-five mortality rate in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
2. To assess the extent to which tobacco control policies influences under-five mortality rate within the study area.
3. To identify the challenges associated with tobacco control policies in relation to under-five mortality rate.
4. To recommend strategies for optimizing tobacco control policies in order to improve under-five mortality rate.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is the effect of tobacco control policies on under-five mortality rate in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja?
2. To what extent does tobacco control policies influence under-five mortality rate within the study area?
3. What challenges are associated with tobacco control policies in relation to under-five mortality rate?
4. What strategies can be adopted to optimize tobacco control policies in order to improve under-five mortality rate?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant to a range of stakeholders. For policymakers and regulators, the findings offer evidence to guide the design of frameworks that support healthier outcomes around under-five mortality rate. For managers and practitioners within the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, the study provides practical insight into how tobacco control policies can be better managed. Finally, it contributes to the academic literature on public health by extending existing knowledge into a specific empirical context, and offers a reference point for future researchers.

1.6 Scope of the Study

In terms of scope, this study confines itself to the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, focusing specifically on how tobacco control policies relates to under-five mortality rate within that setting. Findings are interpreted within these boundaries rather than as universal claims applicable to every organization or market.