Chapter One — 1.1 Background to the Study

Zulu Sofola's Hard Ground occupies a significant place in the Nigerian literary canon, and continues to attract critical attention for the richness of its language and thematic concerns.

Despite the volume of criticism devoted to Hard Ground, its use of satire in relation to tradition versus modernity has not been exhaustively examined, leaving room for closer textual analysis.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

While Zulu Sofola's Hard Ground is widely studied, there is no settled critical consensus on how its satire functions specifically in relation to tradition versus modernity. This study undertakes a close textual analysis to address that gap.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To examine the use of satire in Zulu Sofola's Hard Ground.
2. To analyze how satire contributes to the portrayal of tradition versus modernity.
3. To assess the effectiveness of satire as a stylistic/thematic tool in the text.
4. To situate the findings within the broader context of Nigerian literary/linguistic scholarship.

1.4 Research Questions

1. How is satire used in Zulu Sofola's Hard Ground?
2. In what ways does satire contribute to the portrayal of tradition versus modernity?
3. How effective is satire as a stylistic/thematic tool in the text?
4. How does this reading relate to the broader body of Nigerian literary/linguistic scholarship?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant to students and teachers of theatre arts, offering a close reading of Zulu Sofola's Hard Ground that can support classroom discussion and further critical work. It also contributes to the broader body of scholarship on Nigerian literary and linguistic studies.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study is limited to a close textual analysis of satire within Hard Ground, reflecting a BSc-level scope; it does not extend to a full survey of the author's other works.