Chapter One — 1.1 Background to the Study

Historians have long debated the significance of ethnic militias in Nigeria, though interpretations of its long-term consequences continue to evolve.

Within the period 1970-1999, ethnic militias took on particular significance in Nigeria, reflecting the wider political and economic pressures of the time.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite considerable historical scholarship, the precise role of ethnic militias in Nigeria during 1970-1999 remains a subject of ongoing debate, with existing accounts often relying on incomplete or contested source material. This study re-examines the available historical record to offer a clearer account.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To trace the role of ethnic militias in Nigeria during 1970-1999.
2. To examine the factors that shaped ethnic militias during this period.
3. To assess the consequences of ethnic militias for Nigeria.
4. To situate these findings within the broader historiography of the period.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What role did ethnic militias play in Nigeria during 1970-1999?
2. What factors shaped ethnic militias during this period?
3. What were the consequences of ethnic militias for Nigeria?
4. How do these findings relate to the broader historiography of the period?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant to historians and students of history and international studies, contributing a focused account of ethnic militias in Nigeria to the existing historiography, and offering a reference point for future comparative or regional studies.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study is limited chronologically to 1970-1999 and geographically to Nigeria, reflecting a BSc-level scope; developments outside this period and region fall outside its remit.